Various layers of interactions among the viruses and human hosts

Databases

Number of interactions/drugs/targets

Websites

Virus-Host Protein Interactions

BioGRID

Contains a listing of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and other Coronavirus-Related Interactions

https://downloads.thebiogrid.org/File/BioGRID/Latest-Release/BIOGRID-CORONAVIRUS-LATEST.tab3.zip  

The Human Protein Atlas (HPA)

332 SARS-CoV-2 human protein interactions tissue expression, tissue specificity, blood specificity and subcellular location

https://www.proteinatlas.org/humanproteome/sars-cov-2

Signor

24654 interactions

https://signor.uniroma2.it/covid/

VirusMentha

5828 proteins, 15967 interactions

https://virusmentha.uniroma2.it/

Viruses.STRING

177,425 interactions between 239 viruses (including 77 HCoVs) and 319 hosts 

http://viruses.string-db.org/

MintAct

Two merged databases (MINT and IntAct) mintAct contains 1063382 interactions. It also contains protein-protein and some RNA-protein interactions of human and coronavirus including SARS-CoV-2.

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/

VirHostNet

30 000 PPIs are now annotated, with a total of 16 000 virus-host, 2 500 virus-virus and 12 000 host-host PPIs

http://virhostnet.prabi.fr/

HPIDB

69,787 unique protein interactions between 66 host and 668 pathogen species

https://hpidb.igbb.msstate.edu/index.html

CoVM2

Integrated SARS-CoV-2-human PPI network with variant protein structural binding information

http://bis.zju.edu.cn/overcovid/covm2

Human Protein-Protein Interactions

BioGRID

1,881,423 protein and genetic interactions

http://thebiogrid.org  

HPRD

38,167 protein–protein interactions, 16,972 PTMs, 19,670 Subcellular localization and 65,536 mRNA/protein expression

http://www.hprd.org  

STRING

Incorporates a number of databases with 24.6 mi proteins and 2000 mi interactions

http://string.embl.de  

PICKLE

191,113 protein–protein interactions

http://www.pickle.gr/ 

mentha

19,300 human proteins and 340,916 interactions

http://mentha.uniroma2.it/

ncRNA-associated Interactions

ViRBase

12,247 ncRNA-associated virus–virus, virus–host, host–virus and host–host interactions in viral infection (including 11,816 experimental interactions and 431 predicted interactions), involving 462 non-redundant ncRNAs and 4463 protein-coding genes from 61 viruses and 24 hosts

http://www.rna-society.org/virbase/index.html

VISDB

77632 integration sites of five DNA viruses and four RNA retroviruses

https://bioinfo.uth.edu/VISDB

RNAInter

41,322,577 RNA-associated interactions, including 34,106,998 RPIs, 6,007,974 RRIs, 1,060,684 RHIs, 138,068 RDIs and 8,853 RNA-compound interactions (RCIs)

http://www.rna-society.org/rnainter/

MNDR

More than 260,000 ncRNA–disease associations with >1,400 diseases

http://www.rna-society.org/mndr/

NPInter

609,020 RNA-RNA, 488,315 RNA-Protein, 892,737 RNA-DNA, 5 RNA-TF interactions

http://bigdata.ibp.ac.cn/npinter4/

Drug-Target or Drug-Protein or Drug-Gene Interactions

DrugBank

8250 drug entries, including 2,016 FDA-approved small-molecule drugs and over 6,000 experimental drugs.

http://www.drugbank.ca/

BindingDB

565,136 compounds against 6612 proteins and 1,279,670 binding affinity data.

http://www.bindingdb.org

DGIdb

26,298 unique drug–gene interactions connecting 7,569 drugs and 7,524 unique genes.

http://dgidb.genome.wustl.edu/

STITCH

1.6 billion interactions connecting 0.5 million compounds and 9.6 million proteins from 2031 organisms.

http://stitch.embl.de/

SuperPred

341,000 compounds, 1800 targets, and 665,000 compound-target interactions.

http://prediction.charite.de/index.php

PDID

9,652 structures from 3,746 proteins, houses 1088789 interactions and 51 drugs with the corresponding 5172, 7184 and 4,444 putative targets predicted by ILbind, SMAP and eFindSite.

http://biomine.cs.vcu.edu/servers/PDID/index.php

DrumPID

1383 FDA-approved drugs, 4951 proteins and over 1 million different protein interactions (various organisms); in addition, stored data from >5000 FDA and non-FDA approved drugs are made available (upon acceptance of the manuscript)

http://drumpid.bioapps.biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de/compounds/index.php

DGIdb

6106 druggable genes and 29783 drug–gene interactions, which cover 41100 genes and 9495 drugs

http://www.dgidb.org/

Drug-protein interaction signatures

(DPIS)

2,302 drugs and 2,334 target proteins and 5,372,868 all possible drug-protein pairs

http://labo.bio.kyutech.ac.jp/~yamani/drugprotein/

CMap

1,309 compounds and 7,000 genes expression profiles in five cancer cell lines.

https://www.broadinstitute.org/cmap

Drug Side Effects

Drug-protein interaction network with drug side-effects

658 drugs with 5074 drug–protein interactions containing 1368 targeted proteins and 49 051 drug side effect pairs containing 1339 side effects

http://web.kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp/supp/smizutan/target-effect/

Drug-protein interaction signatures (DPIS)

2,302 drugs and 2,334 target proteins and 5,372,868 all possible drug-protein pairs and 2302 drugs x 10543 side-effects

http://labo.bio.kyutech.ac.jp/~yamani/drugprotein/

SIDER

1,430 drugs, 5,880 adverse drugs reactions (ADRs) and 140,064 drug-ADR pairs,

http://sideeffects.embl.de/

DrugMatrix

Molecular toxicology reference database and informatics system. Toxicogenomic profiles of over 600 different compounds

http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/drugmatrix/indexhtml